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The U.S. scientific community has long led the world in research on
such areas as public health, environmental science, and issues
affecting quality of life. Our scientists have produced landmark
studies on the dangers of DDT, tobacco smoke, acid rain, and global
warming. But at the same time, a small yet potent subset of this
community leads the world in vehement denial of these dangers.
Merchants of Doubt tells the story of how a loose-knit group of
high-level scientists and scientific advisers, with deep
connections in politics and industry, ran effective campaigns to
mislead the public and deny well-established scientific knowledge
over four decades. Remarkably, the same individuals surface
repeatedly - some of the same figures who have claimed that the
science of global warming is "not settled" denied the truth of
studies linking smoking to lung cancer, coal smoke to acid rain,
and CFCs to the ozone hole. "Doubt is our product," wrote one
tobacco executive. These 'experts' supplied it. Naomi Oreskes and
Erik M. Conway, historians of science, roll back the rug on this
dark corner of the American scientific community, showing how
ideology and corporate interests, aided by a too-compliant media,
have skewed public understanding of some of the most pressing
issues of our era.
"If you teach middle school math and have wanted to promote social
justice, but haven't been sure how to get started, you need to
check out this book. It incorporates lessons you can use
immediately as well as how to foster the kind of classroom
community where students will thrive. It's the kind of book you'll
want to have alongside you to support you throughout your journey."
Robert Kaplinsky Author and Consultant Long Beach, CA Empower young
adolescents to be the change-join the teaching mathematics for
social justice movement! Students of all ages and intersecting
identities-through media and their lived experiences- bear witness
to and experience social injustices and movements around the world
for greater justice. However, when people think of social justice,
mathematics rarely comes to mind. With a user-friendly design, this
book brings middle school mathematics content to life by connecting
it to issues students see or experience. Developed for use by
Grades 6-8 educators, the contributed model lessons in this book
walk teachers through the process of applying critical frameworks
to instruction, using standards-based mathematics to explore,
understand, and respond to social injustices. Learn to plan daily
instruction that engages young adolescents in mathematics
explorations through age-appropriate, culturally relevant topics
such as health and economic inequality, human and civil rights,
environmental justice, and accessibility. Features include: Content
cross-referenced by mathematical concept and social issues
Connection to Learning for Justice's social justice standards
Downloadable teacher materials and lesson resources Guidance for
lessons driven by young adolescents' unique passions and challenges
Connections between research and practice Written for teachers
committed to developing equitable and empowering practices through
the lens of mathematics content and practice standards as well as
social justice standards, this book will help connect content to
young adolescents' daily lives, strengthen their mathematical
understanding, and expose them to issues that will support them in
becoming active agents of change and responsible leaders.
This book explores how the World Social Forum (WSF) has developed
in response to the current period of profound crisis and transition
in the history of Western capitalist modernity. The WSF has been
thrown up by social forces as a laboratory of practices for other
possible worlds; it is at a leading edge of the transition, where
other possible futures are being imagined and constructed, but it
is also firmly rooted in the order that is passing. Based on ten
years of field work on three continents, this book examines social
movements as knowledge producers. It pays attention to specific
movements and their praxis-based knowledges and its arguments are
grounded in sustained empirical attention to what movements are
doing and saying on the terrain of the WSF over time and from place
to place. Engaging with several strands of social and political
thought, global civil society, autonomism, and transnational
feminism, each chapter outlines a set of contestations and
contributions with relevance beyond debates about the WSF.It will
be of strong interest to students and scholars of social movement
studies; international politics; gender studies; sociology;
political theory and social work.
Praxis and Politics explores the knowledge arising from activist
praxis and its significance for reimagining radical and democratic
politics. It is based on five years of direct involvement in the
Toronto-based Metro Network for Social Justice and their work in
coalition building, campaign-organizing and 'economic and political
literacy' work in the aftermath of the signing of the Canada-US
Free Trade Agreement. The book breaks new theoretical and
methodological ground in social movement studies in drawing on a
wide range of traditions including cultural studies, urban studies,
political economy and feminism.
Now notorious for its aridity and air pollution, Mexico City was
once part of a flourishing lake environment. In nearby Xochimilco,
Native Americans modified the lakes to fashion a distinctive and
remarkably abundant aquatic society, one that provided a degree of
ecological autonomy for local residents, enabling them to protect
their communities' integrity, maintain their way of life, and
preserve many aspects of their cultural heritage. While the area's
ecology allowed for a wide array of socioeconomic and cultural
continuities during colonial rule, demographic change came to
affect the ecological basis of the lakes; pastoralism and new ways
of using and modifying the lakes began to make a mark on the watery
landscape and on the surrounding communities. In this fascinating
study, Conway explores Xochimilco using native-language documents,
which serve as a hallmark of this continuity and a means to trace
patterns of change.
Although the Jet Propulsion Laboratory in Pasadena, California, has
become synonymous with the United States' planetary exploration
during the past half century, its most recent focus has been on
Mars. Beginning in the 1990s and continuing through the Mars
Phoenix mission of 2007, JPL led the way in engineering an
impressive, rapidly evolving succession of Mars orbiters and
landers, including roving robotic vehicles whose successful
deployment onto the Martian surface posed some of the most
complicated technical problems in space flight history. In
Exploration and Engineering, Erik M. Conway reveals how JPL
engineers' creative technological feats led to major breakthroughs
in Mars exploration. He takes readers into the heart of the lab's
problem-solving approach and management structure, where talented
scientists grappled with technical challenges while also coping,
not always successfully, with funding shortfalls, unrealistic
schedules, and managerial turmoil. Conway, JPL's historian, offers
an insider's perspective into the changing goals of Mars
exploration, the ways in which sophisticated computer simulations
drove the design process, and the remarkable evolution of landing
technologies over a thirty-year period.
Praxis and Politics explores the knowledge arising from activist
praxis and its significance for reimagining radical and democratic
politics. It is based on five years of direct involvement in the
Toronto-based Metro Network for Social Justice and their work in
coalition building, campaign-organizing and 'economic and political
literacy' work in the aftermath of the signing of the Canada-US
Free Trade Agreement. The book breaks new theoretical and
methodological ground in social movement studies in drawing on a
wide range of traditions including cultural studies, urban studies,
political economy and feminism.
Occupational Therapy and Inclusive Design provides occupational
therapy practitioners and students with the ability to confidently
problem solve, clinically reason and make sound professional
judgements regarding the suitability of products/artefacts and
environments for their clients.
The relevance of design concepts to Occupational Therapy are
illustrated in a broad context with reference to the folklore of
disability and disability discourse, the profession's philosophy,
conceptual models of practice, relevant legislation and review of
Health and Social Care discourse. Ergonomic tools and techniques
for practice are reviewed and related to the seven principles of
Universal Design. Case scenarios are presented and illustrated with
pictures and drawings to guide the reader through the inclusive
design process as it relates to occupational therapists in a
variety of settings.
Additionally, the book aims to give a voice to occupational
therapists as specifiers of equipment, property adaptations and
increasingly, as advisors to new dwelling and other building
projects, with the aim of influencing manufacturers and building
agencies in the adoption of inclusive design principles at the
product/building design phase. This publication's unique focus is
to present an integrated account of the relevant policy supporting
service provision, in conjunction with core Occupational Therapy
philosophy and the application of principles of Universal Design to
case scenarios.
This book analyzes the World Social Forum (WSF) in a context of
crisis and transition in the history of Western capitalist
modernity. Based on ten years of fieldwork on three continents,
this book treats social movements as knowledge producers. It pays
attention to what movements are doing and saying on the terrain of
the WSF over time and from place to place, and to how they theorize
its significance. Framed by the Latin American
modernity-coloniality perspective, the book critically engages with
discourses of global civil society, autonomism, and transnational
feminism toward a reading of the WSF through the lens of 'colonial
difference'. Each chapter outlines a set of contestations and
contributions with relevance beyond debates about the WSF. It will
be of strong interest to students and scholars of social movement
studies; international politics; post-colonial studies; gender
studies; sociology; political theory and social work.
With five newly written chapters and sizable additions to nine
original chapters, this second edition of Teaching Music in Higher
Education provides a welcome update to author Colleen M. Conway's
essential guide. In the book's new chapters, Conway offers insights
beyond music and cognition including gender identity, sexual
identity, and issues of cultural diversity not addressed in the
first edition. Conway also covers technology in instructional
settings and includes new references and updated student vignettes.
Designed for faculty and graduate assistants working with
undergraduate music majors as well as non-majors in colleges and
universities, the book is designed to fit within a typical 15-week
semester. The book's three sections address concerns about
undergraduate curricula that meet National Association of School of
Music requirements as well as teacher education requirements for
music education majors in most states. Part I includes chapters on
assessment and grading in music courses; understanding students'
cognitive, musical, and identity growth; and syllabus design. Part
II focuses on creating a culture for learning; instructional
strategies to facilitate active learning; and applied studio
teaching. Part III addresses growth in teaching practices for the
college music professor and focuses on the job search in higher
education, feedback from students, and navigating a career in
higher education. The book features highly useful templates
including a departmental assessment report, forms for student
midterm and final evaluation, a Faculty Activities Report for music
professors, and a tenure and promotion materials packet. Each of
the three sections of the book makes reference to relevant research
from the higher education or learning sciences literature as well
as suggestions for further reading in the various topic areas.
Empower students to be the change-join the teaching mathematics for
social justice movement! We live in an era in which students have
-through various media and their lived experiences- a more visceral
experience of social, economic, and environmental injustices.
However, when people think of social justice, mathematics is rarely
the first thing that comes to mind. Through model lessons developed
by over 30 diverse contributors, this book brings seemingly
abstract high school mathematics content to life by connecting it
to the issues students see and want to change in the world. Along
with expert guidance from the lead authors, the lessons in this
book explain how to teach mathematics for self- and
community-empowerment. It walks teachers step-by-step through the
process of using mathematics-across all high school content
domains-as a tool to explore, understand, and respond to issues of
social injustice including: environmental injustice; wealth
inequality; food insecurity; and gender, LGBTQ, and racial
discrimination. This book features: Content cross-referenced by
mathematical concept and social issues Downloadable instructional
materials for student use User-friendly and logical interior design
for daily use Guidance for designing and implementing social
justice lessons driven by your own students' unique passions and
challenges Timelier than ever, teaching mathematics through the
lens of social justice will connect content to students' daily
lives, fortify their mathematical understanding, and expose them to
issues that will make them responsive citizens and leaders in the
future.
Human health issues relating to amino acids are extremely broad and
include metabolic disorders of amino acid metabolism as well as
their presence in food and use as supplements. This book covers the
biochemistry of amino acid metabolism in the context of health and
disease. It discusses their use as food supplements, in clinical
therapy and nutritional support and focuses on major recent
developments, highlighting new areas of research that will be
needed to sustain further interest in the field.
Europeanization is a term at the centre of contemporary political
debate. In this innovative study, a team of British and German
historians present the findings of their research project into how
the concept and content of Europeanization needs to be understood
as a historical phenomenon, which has changed its meaning during
the twentieth century.
When it comes to math, standards-aligned is achievement-aligned...
Since The Common Core Mathematics Companions for grades K-2, 3-5
and 6-8 burst on the scene, they have been lauded as the best
resources for making critical math ideas easy to teach. With this
brand-new volume, high school mathematics success is at your
fingertips. The authors lay out the pieces of an in-depth
explanation, showing the mathematical progression of each
conceptual category, how standards connect within and across
domains, and what teachers and students should be doing every day
to foster deep learning.
Erik M. Conway constructs an insightful history that focuses
primarily on the political and commercial factors responsible for
the rise and fall of American supersonic transport research
programs. Conway charts commercial supersonic research efforts
through the changing relationships between international and
domestic politicians, government contractors, private investors,
and environmentalists. He documents post--World War II efforts at
the National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics, NASA, and the
Defense Department to generate supersonic flight technologies;
European and American attempts to commercialize these technologies
during the 1950s and 1960s; environmental campaigns against SST
technology in the 1970s; and subsequent attempts to revitalize
supersonic technology at the end of the century.
"A concise and thoroughly fascinating history of the train wreck
that was the U.S. supersonic civil transport programs." -- Air and
Space Magazine
"Conway seems to have struck the right balance between the
nuts-and-bolts of aircraft design and discussion of larger issues,
particularly state support for advanced technology... An original
and valuable contribution to the saga of a dream deferred." --
Technology and Culture
"Conway does an excellent job of explaining the nationalism
inherent in supersonic transport during the Cold War and the
domestic American politics surrounding the project." -- Isis
"Comprehensive and enjoyable... A cautionary tale of half-baked
federal technology and economic policies high-jacking public funds
for a concept aircraft that was an engineering boondoggle, a
financial black hole, and an environmental fiend." -- History and
Technology
"[Conway's]examination of the development of supersonic aviation
and the various SST programs provides a fascinating internal look
at how the technology developed, while also connecting that
development with the issue of the larger meaning of technology in
society." -- Journal of American History
Erik M. Conway serves as historian, Jet Propulsion Laboratory,
Pasadena, California.
Coalition formation, broad-based campaign organizing, and activist
education are among the methods discussed in this practical text
for grassroots organizations attempting to advance their goals. The
execution of social movements on a day-to-day basis is explained
with attention to how social justice organizations struggle because
many of the groups are disparate and poorly organized. The specific
experiences of a leader of the Metro Network for Social Justice in
Toronto are analyzed in detail to provide a practical discusssion
of the key challenges facing social organizations: representation
structures, decision making, democratic governance, and power in
activist politics. The application of these issues illustrates
methods and best practices for social change in other similar
organizations.
A trade barrier is a general term that describes any government
policy or regulation that restricts international trade. The
barriers can take many forms, including: Import duties, Import
licenses, Export licenses, Import quotas, Tariffs, Subsidies.
Non-tariff barriers to trade, Voluntary Export Restraints, and
Local Content Requirements. Most trade barriers work on the same
principle: the imposition of some sort of cost on trade that raises
the price of the traded products. If two or more nations repeatedly
use trade barriers against each other, then a trade war results.
Economists generally agree that trade barriers are detrimental and
decrease overall economic efficiency, this can be explained by the
theory of comparative advantage. In theory, free trade involves the
removal of all such barriers, except perhaps those considered
necessary for health or national security. In practice, however,
even those countries promoting free trade heavily subsidise certain
industries, such as agriculture and steel.
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